Preparation of abstract
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the Microsoft Office 2010 Word processor.
The text should be in single-column format with black 12 Times New Roman Font. Keep the layout of the
text as simple as possible. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the “spell-check”
and “grammar-check” functions of your word processor.
Title
Titles should be concise and informative. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
Author names and affiliations
Please clearly indicate the name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are
accurately spelled. Present the authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the
names. Indicate all affiliations with a lowercase superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and
in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the
country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
Corresponding author
Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and presentation. Ensure that
the e-mail address and mobile phone number is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the
corresponding author.
Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required in 300±10 words. The abstract should state briefly the purpose
of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. References should be avoided, Also, nonstandard
or uncommon abbreviations
Abstract include:
Introduction State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed
literature survey or a summary of the results.
Methods Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced.
Results & Discussion should be clear and concise and should explore the significance of the results of
the work. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
Conclusions The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short section.
Keywords Immediately after the abstract, provide 3 to 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding
general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, ‘and’, ‘of’). Be sparing with
abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible.